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Writer's pictureJoe Boughan

The Risks of Concentrated Employee Stock in Your 401(k) RSU ESPP or Compensation Plan

Introduction

If you're an employee at a public corporation, you may be holding a significant portion of your retirement savings in company stock through employee stock options, RSUs, LTIs, or your 401(k). Since we are a financial advisor in the Boston area and in Scituate, we often see employees at local large public companies like Raytheon, Sanofi, Biogen and others that have large amounts of employee stock that they feel a strong connection too. While it's natural to feel confident in the future of your company—especially when you hear about the impressive sales, revenue growth, and stock performance at town hall meetings—there's a crucial question to ask yourself: Are you aware of how much risk you're really taking?


The Allure of Company Stock

Working for a company that’s performing well can create a sense of security and optimism. It's easy to believe that since you have an insider's view of the company's prospects, holding a large portion of your retirement savings in its stock is a sound decision. This confidence is often fueled by regular updates from executives, who might highlight the company's strong market position, especially in industries like defense, where Raytheon operates.

However, this optimism can lead to overconfidence. A common scenario I've encountered is employees holding a concentrated position of their employer's stock, often without realizing the potential risks involved. For instance, I once worked with a client who had nearly 30% of his 401(k) tied up in Raytheon stock. He believed that given the company's role in defense contracting, especially during uncertain geopolitical times, his investment was secure. But what he didn't consider were the numerous variables—many beyond his control—that could severely impact the stock's value and potentially derail his financial plan.


The Risks of Overconcentration

Holding a concentrated stock position, particularly when it represents a large percentage of your overall net worth, can be perilous. Even if you believe in the company’s future, unforeseen factors such as political shifts, regulatory changes, or internal issues like production quality in certain departments can drastically affect the stock's performance. For instance, a defense contractor like Raytheon might face challenges if government defense budgets are cut or if there are issues in delivering key projects on time and within budget. Think about how Boeing was considered a "secure" stock because of its long-term government contracts only to fall because of quality control issues that ended up plaguing the stock for years!

Moreover, the market can be unpredictable. The value of a stock isn’t always aligned with the company’s actual performance the stock price can become "overvalued" if too many people are piled into one position, causing the price to go up and the risk to be unusually heightened. A prime example is Cisco in the early 2000s—a growing tech company whose stock plummeted by over 95% and has yet to fully recover. This illustrates that even the best companies that can display longevity and consistent profitability are not immune to dramatic volatility and risk.


Diversification: A Strategic Approach

One of the most effective ways to mitigate the risks of holding a concentrated stock position is through diversification. By spreading your investments across different asset classes, you reduce the impact that a significant drop in any single stock could have on your overall portfolio. This doesn’t mean you should abandon your company’s stock entirely, but rather, you should balance it with other investments to protect your financial future.

For instance, in the case of my client with the 30% Raytheon stock in his 401(k), we discussed a strategy to gradually diversify his holdings. This approach allowed him to reduce his risk exposure while still participating in the potential upside of his company's stock.

There are also many other ways to diversify - one can use more sophisticated methods such as an exchange fund for high-net-worth investors that have positions larger than $500,000 in one stock or hedging with options positions. If you are interested in these approaches or learning more about how to mitigate risk and taxes with concentrated stock, please do thorough research and or work with a financial planner who is experience with these issues. Please feel free to schedule a free intro consultation with me at Parkmount Financial Partners to learn more.


The Role of a Financial Planner

I will say that for some individuals, maybe taking the stock risk makes sense for a variety of reasons, everyone has different appetites for risk, and a large mature company may have a different profile as a smaller startup, and a younger person with a lot of time for retirement or ahead in their career may be able to take more risk than someone who is closer to retirement, so it is important to make decisions in these areas after a comprehensive review. As a financial planner, my role is to help clients identify risks that they may not be aware of and to ensure their investment strategies align with their long-term goals. This includes assessing whether their confidence in a company’s stock is leading to an overconcentration that could jeopardize their retirement plans. It’s not about making magic in the markets but ensuring that your behavior aligns with a well-crafted financial plan.

If your employer's stock makes up more than 10% of your overall net worth, it might be time to consider whether you're taking on more risk than you’re comfortable with—or even aware of. Diversifying your portfolio can help safeguard your retirement from the unforeseen and ensure that your financial future remains on track.


Conclusion

In a world of uncertainties, diversification is key to protecting your retirement savings. Don’t let overconfidence in your employer’s stock lead to unnecessary risk. Work with a financial planner to develop a strategy that balances potential gains with the security you need for a comfortable retirement.


At Parkmount Financial Partners, we're here to help you align your investments with your financial goals, ensuring your future is as secure as possible.



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